From Commits to DAGs: How Git Uses a DAG to Track Your Code History

Most developers use Git daily, often memorizing commands without fully understanding what happens under the hood. We know how to use git add and git commit, but do we really know how it works? At its core, Git is a simple key-value data store. It is a database, and understanding

Diagnose & Fix Painfully Slow Ollama: 4 Essential Debugging Techniques + Fixes

Frustrated with laggy Ollama? Try out these debugging techniques

Designing a Go ETL Pipeline When SQLite Allows Only One Writer at a Time

At scale, ETL is no longer just extract → transform → load. It becomes a systems problem. You’re ingesting thousands of assets, transforming them aggressively, and trying to persist results fast enough that storage doesn’t collapse under contention. When SQLite is your storage layer, this tension becomes impossible to ignore,

Building a Bayesian Spam Classifier from First Principles

We work through the original Bayesian Spam Classifier paper from Microsoft Research. And then make it practical by applying to the Enron spam dataset

CAVLite: Lightweight, Memory-Efficient Security Audit for Low-RAM Servers.

If you run a server with limited resources—specifically, standard 4GB RAM and 2 vCPU setup- you are likely familiar with the constant, stressful balancing act between performance and security. You know you need antivirus protection and system audits. You know the risks of leaving a server vulnerable to intruders,

Announcing udwall: A New Tool for Making UFW and Docker Play Nice With Each Other

Many of us believe that the combination of UFW and Docker is the standard stack for deploying applications securely without exposing docker container ports. Configuring UFW via provisioning tools like Ansible is usually seamless, giving us confidence that our servers are secure. However, there is a massive, often overlooked security

Stop Paying for LLMs — Run Your Own Locally

If you’re tired of hitting limits, waiting on slow responses, or paying monthly just to use an online model, there’s a better option. With Ollama, you can run powerful LLMs directly on your own machine.

Why Your Page Feels Slow (and Hurts Your PageSpeed Score): Render Blocking and Critical CSS Explained

Learn how render blocking CSS slows your site and how Critical CSS can help you boost your PageSpeed score.

A Simple Guide to SVG and How It Works

When building logos, icons, or illustrations for the web, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is one of the most powerful tools in a developer’s toolkit. Unlike raster images (PNG, JPEG, WebP), SVG is mostly resolution-independent and code-driven, meaning your graphics almost always stay sharp, lightweight, and infinitely scalable without quality

Story of a TCP Packet: An Intuitive Entrypoint To Linux Networking

This post traces a TCP packet’s journey through Linux, explaining interfaces, iptables tables and chains, and the networking stack with an analogy, example, and technical details for engineers.

How TCP and UDP Protocols Work: Understanding Their Critical Role in Internet Communication

How does data travel from a server to your screen in a split second? What is the logic behind it? What rules and protocols does it use that make it all work?

Fan-In and Fan-Out in Go: Parallelism Made Simple

Learn how to distribute work across multiple goroutines and merge their results back into a single stream using Go's Fan-Out and Fan-In patterns. We'll break down these powerful concurrency patterns with practical examples you can use right away.

seo

Control the SEO Ecosystem: Tags, Sitemaps, Backlinks, and Who Really Controls Search

A practical guide to metadata, sitemaps, authority, search engines, and how it all actually connects

postgres

Turning PostgreSQL into a Robust Queue for Go Applications

How to build a reliable task queue in Go using PostgreSQL’s built-in features—no extra infrastructure needed.

LLM

LLM Fundamentals: How Large Language Models Work

Hello, I'm Maneshwar. I'm building *Free DevTools*, a single hub for developers with 50,000+ free resources, icons, cheat sheets, and TLDRs. No login, unlimited downloads.

seo

Is Your Website Fast Enough? What Google's Core Web Vitals Reveal

Want to know if your website is fast enough? Google's Core Web Vitals measure three key things: how quickly your page loads, how fast it responds to clicks, and whether it jumps around while loading. Fix these, and you'll rank better while giving users a smoother experience.

graphql

These Key Features of GraphQL make it Unique among Other API Technologies

When building modern applications, especially for mobile devices, how you get data from the server to the client is everything. For years, REST has been the standard for API design, but it often comes with frustrations. Let's look at the problems that led to a new way of

ebpf

eBPF 101: Your First Step into Kernel Programming

eBPF has revolutionized Linux observability and security by allowing sandboxed programs to run in the kernel without changing kernel source code or loading modules

AI

From Logic to Linear Algebra: How AI is Rewiring the Computer

For decades, computers were built for logic -- branching decisions, compilers, databases. But AI flipped the script: today's machines are being rebuilt for one thing above all else -- multiplying matrices at massive scale

LLM

Unboxing the Black Box: Understanding LLMs with Reverse Mechanistic Localization

Instead of just treating LLMs as black boxes, RML helps us understand which parts of the model contribute to specific outputs.

proxy

The Proxy Playbook: Building Fast, Secure Middle Layers in Go

You’re in the middle of a Teams call with your DevOps crew when a service starts throwing alerts. Requests are piling up, some users are getting errors, and the backend logs look like they’ve been hit by a firehose. You could spin up more servers, but that’s

Meilisearch

Simple Tweaks That Can Make Your Meilisearch Faster

Meilisearch is a really powerful search engine; it’s fast, open-source, and easy to set up. But if you don’t configure it properly, especially the indexing and attributes, it can start to feel slow. Let’s say you set up an index with a few thousand records and start

graph

Implementing Graphs in Golang Without Starting from Scratch

Have you ever imagined a world without connections? Think about your social media full of random unknown people in your follow recommendations, maps not showing the shortest direction between two destinations, or file imports turning into a mess of unrelated modules after compiling. This would be hard even to imagine,

networking

From Packet Capture to Threat Hunting with Wireshark

Learn how to leverage Wireshark’s powerful features for effective network analysis and security monitoring